{"id":4108,"date":"2023-05-22T17:30:43","date_gmt":"2023-05-22T14:30:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/asthma\/"},"modified":"2025-10-17T15:11:53","modified_gmt":"2025-10-17T12:11:53","slug":"asthma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/en\/asthma\/","title":{"rendered":"Asthma"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"4108\" class=\"elementor elementor-4108 elementor-2869\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-564c54f e-con-boxed e-flex e-con\" data-id=\"564c54f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f685b29 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f685b29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.13.3 - 22-05-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"945\" height=\"499\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/pneumon-center-asthma.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-3902\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/pneumon-center-asthma.jpg 945w, https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/pneumon-center-asthma-300x158.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/pneumon-center-asthma-768x406.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 945px) 100vw, 945px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1177f4fa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1177f4fa\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4041c07a\" data-id=\"4041c07a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e01fb1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e01fb1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.13.3 - 22-05-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<h2>ASTHMA<\/h2><h4>\u00a0<\/h4><h4>What is Asthma?<\/h4><p style=\"margin: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; vertical-align: baseline;\">Most common misconceptions about asthma are:<\/p><ol><li>Asthma is a childhood disease; individuals will grow out of it as they age<\/li><li>Asthma is infectious<\/li><li>Asthma sufferers should not exercise<\/li><li>Asthma is only controllable with high dose steroids<\/li><\/ol><p>In the article below the correct information is included marked in italics.<\/p><p>Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition that causes recurrent episodes of airway narrowing (bronchoconstriction), excess mucus production and thickening of the airway walls due to the underlying bronchial hyper-responsiveness, making it harder to breathe.\u00a0<\/p><p><em>Asthma can affect all ages but usually starts in childhood and only rarely presents with a new-onset in adults.<\/em>\u00a0Most cases of asthma diagnosed in adults usually had started in childhood whether or not unbeknownst to the individual. In many cases, childhood asthma subsides in adolescence, however it can recur in adulthood.<\/p><p>Asthma is the most common chronic non-communicable disease, affecting over 260 million people globally in 2019 (GINA).<\/p><p>In Europe, 30 million children and adults less than 45 years old have asthma. According to the epidemiological research study conducted by the Asthma team at the Hellenic Thoracic Society, the prevalence of asthma in Greece is<strong>\u00a08.6%,<\/strong>\u00a0in other words, approximately\u00a0<strong>900,000 children and adults<\/strong>\u00a0have asthma.<\/p><h4>C<strong>auses<\/strong><\/h4><p>While there is no known cause for asthma, <em>it is certainly not infectious, nor transmissible<\/em>. Asthma is the expression of an inflammatory disorder of the airways that depends on the interaction between the genetic predisposition of susceptible individuals and exposure to certain environmental factors such as pollution and Western lifestyle (ERS).<\/p><p>Asthma is characterized by hyper-responsiveness, an exaggerated reaction of the airways when exposed to irritative factors and triggers.<\/p><h4>Symptoms<\/h4><p>Asthma presents with episodic respiratory symptoms (flare-ups or attacks) characterized by one or more of the following:<\/p><ul><li>Shortness of breath<\/li><li>Chest tightness\/pain<\/li><li>Coughing<\/li><li>Wheezing (a whistle or wheeze sound when exhaling)<\/li><li>Difficulty sleeping from coughing\/wheeze or shortness of breath<\/li><li>Intense cough or wheezing made worse by a viral cold or flu<\/li><\/ul><p>Asthma is known to manifest by attacks of symptoms that can remit or relapse and are usually provoked by certain triggers.\u00a0Symptoms vary in combination, frequency, severity and time course. Each person experiences asthma differently and it is therefore important to consult often with their physician.<\/p><h4>T<strong>riggers<\/strong><\/h4><p>Often asthma attacks can be brought on by:<\/p><ul><li>Exercise (exercise-induced asthma).<\/li><\/ul><p><em>While exercise may trigger asthma, the individual may indeed exercise, provided that they consult their physician and comply with the regimen that best controls their symptoms<\/em><\/p><ul><li>Occupationally-related irritants like chemical fumes, gases or dust (occupational asthma)<\/li><li>Allergens such as pollen, pet dander, mold or cockroach waste<\/li><li>Cold air<\/li><li>Stress<\/li><li>Viral respiratory infections i.e., the seasonal flu<\/li><li>Sulfites and preservatives<\/li><li>Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)<\/li><\/ul><h4>D<strong>iagnosis<\/strong><\/h4><p>There is no specific test for diagnosis, however, the following criteria are used to aid in diagnosis of asthma:<\/p><ul><li>Indicative medical history (i.e., episodic symptoms, flare ups)<\/li><li>Physical examination (i.e., wheezing)<\/li><li>Obstructive pattern (airflow limitation) on spirometry<\/li><\/ul><h4>LABORATORY EVALUATION<\/h4><p><strong>Lung Function Tests:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Spirometry: determines and measures the degree of airway obstruction<\/li><\/ul><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u2022 Bronchodilator response: Spirometry pre- and post- bronchodilator administration evaluates the reversibility of the obstruction<\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u2022 Broncho-provocation: an asthma trigger, such as inhaled metacholine, administered to individuals with normal spirometry, can reveal the characteristic bronchoconstriction of asthma.<\/p><ul><li>Measurement of Exhaled nitric oxide: the concentration of NO in the exhaled breath increases in cases of eosinophilic inflammation of the airways.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Blood Tests: <\/strong>are used as an aid to diagnosis, they are not specific.<\/p><ul><li>Complete Blood Count, eosinophils count, total serum IgE, allergen specific IgE (ELISA, RAST)<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Allergy Skin Tests:\u00a0<\/strong>do not diagnose asthma, but help reveal the triggers<\/p><h4>Prevention<\/h4><p>The aim is to:<\/p><ul><li>Avoid exposure to known triggers and environmental pollution<\/li><li>Avoid smoking and exposure to passive smoke<\/li><li>Monitoring of symptoms and lung function<\/li><li>Ensure adherence to treatment<\/li><li>Ensuring proper treatment during pregnancy: all pregnant women should be asked about asthma and advised about appropriate treatment during their pregnancy<\/li><\/ul><h4>T<strong>reatment<\/strong><\/h4><p><strong>Aims to:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Reduce frequency, duration and severity of attacks<\/li><li>Preserve a normal lung function<\/li><li>Minimize risk and avoid or reduce permanent adverse outcomes<\/li><li>Reduce hospital admissions<\/li><\/ul><p>Treatment is adjusted for the individual patient once his asthma has been evaluated in regards to severity, frequency, precipitating factors and symptom control and according to the international guidelines. (GINA)\u00a0Medication includes one or more of the following:<\/p><ul><li>Combination of long-acting bronchodilators and corticosteroid inhalers<\/li><li>Oral corticosteroids<\/li><li>Oral theophylline,<\/li><li>Anti IgE therapy<\/li><li>Monoclonal antibodies<\/li><\/ul><p><em>With the possible exception of acute exacerbations, maintenance treatment achieves control of asthma symptoms with inhaled corticosteroids usually in low doses.<\/em> The attending physician will adjust the treatment, step medication up or down accordingly and help design an action plan for the individual patient. (GINA)<\/p><h4>Asthma and COVID-19<\/h4><ul><li>Asthma does not increase the likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 infection<\/li><li>Well controlled mild to moderate asthma does not increase the likelihood of severe COVID-19 or death due COVID-19<\/li><li>Recent asthma treatment with oral corticosteroids and hospitalization with severe asthma, may increase the risk for COVID-19 related por outcomes.<\/li><\/ul><h4>Asthma and COVID-19 vaccines<\/h4><p>Individuals with asthma should consult the attending physician regarding their eligibility for vaccination and best timing, considering medical history, asthma status, type of treatment (i.e. biologic agents) or any other medical aspects.<\/p><p>Some general considerations based on current data:<\/p><ul><li>Although allergic reactions to vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been rarely reported, it is advised is to perform mRNA vaccinations in a hospital setting equipped to treat possible anaphylactic reactions.<\/li><li>Individuals with severe allergy to any of the vaccine ingredients including propylene glycol should not be offered the vaccine.<\/li><li>Anaphylaxis to food, insect venom, or other medication is not associated with increased risk for anaphylactic reaction due to COVID-19 vaccination.<\/li><li>In case of concurrent infection vaccination should be postponed<\/li><\/ul><p><em>\u201cAt present, based on the benefits and risks, and with the above caution, GINA recommends COVID-19 vaccination for people with asthma\u201d<\/em>. Global Initiative for Asthma, April 26, 2021<\/p><p><strong>ANNA S. TZORTZI<\/strong> MD, FCCP<br \/>PNEUMONOLOGIST<\/p><hr \/><p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p><blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"ZUjzqfSCfL\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ginasthma.org\/wad\/\">World Asthma Day 2021<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;World Asthma Day 2021&#8221; &#8212; Global Initiative for Asthma - GINA\" src=\"https:\/\/ginasthma.org\/wad\/embed\/#?secret=RUCjBww83s#?secret=ZUjzqfSCfL\" data-secret=\"ZUjzqfSCfL\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p><p><em><span style=\"color: #56c5d0;\"><a style=\"color: #56c5d0;\" href=\"https:\/\/ginasthma.org\/wad\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/ginasthma.org\/wad\/<\/a><\/span> <br \/><\/em><em>European Respiratory Society. \u201cAdult Asthma.\u201d In European Lung White Book, https:\/\/www.erswhitebook.org\/chapters\/adult-asthma\/ (April 19, 2019)<\/em><\/p><p><em>Hellenic Thoracic Society <br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/ginasthma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Whats-new-in-GINA-2021_final.pdf\"><span style=\"color: #56c5d0;\">https:\/\/ginasthma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Whats-new-in-GINA-2021_final.pdf <\/span><\/a><\/em><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #56c5d0;\"><a style=\"color: #56c5d0;\" href=\"https:\/\/ginasthma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/GINA-2021-Main-Report_FINAL_21_04_28-WMS.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>https:\/\/ginasthma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/GINA-2021-Main-Report_FINAL_21_04_28-WMS.pdf<\/em><\/a><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ASTHMA What is Asthma? Most common misconceptions about asthma are: Asthma is a childhood disease; individuals will grow out of it as they age Asthma is infectious Asthma sufferers should not exercise Asthma is only controllable with high dose steroids In the article below the correct information is included marked in italics. Asthma is a<a class=\"read-btn hvr-right more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/en\/asthma\/\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3902,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[72],"tags":[75,73,74],"class_list":["post-4108","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","tag--en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Asthma - PNEUMON CENTER<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Asthma can affect all ages but usually starts in childhood and only rarely presents with a new-onset in adults.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/en\/asthma\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ASTHMA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Asthma can affect all ages but usually starts in childhood and only rarely presents with a new-onset in adults.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/en\/asthma\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"PNEUMON CENTER\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-05-22T14:30:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-10-17T12:11:53+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/pneumon-center-asthma.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"ASTHMA\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Asthma can affect all ages but usually starts in childhood and only rarely presents with a new-onset in adults.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/pneumon-center-asthma.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/en\/asthma\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/en\/asthma\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/715d86c55548e5e678c6238f69ec2e92\"},\"headline\":\"Asthma\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-05-22T14:30:43+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-10-17T12:11:53+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/en\/asthma\/\"},\"wordCount\":1021,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/en\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/en\/asthma\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/pneumon-center-asthma.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"\u03bb\u03bf\u03af\u03bc\u03c9\u03be\u03b7\",\"\u03a0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\",\"\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u0301\u03ba\u03bf\u03ba\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2\"],\"articleSection\":[\"ARTICLES\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/en\/asthma\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/en\/asthma\/\",\"name\":\"Asthma - 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