{"id":4146,"date":"2023-05-22T15:30:04","date_gmt":"2023-05-22T12:30:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/%cf%84uberculosis\/"},"modified":"2025-10-17T15:13:09","modified_gmt":"2025-10-17T12:13:09","slug":"%cf%84uberculosis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/en\/%cf%84uberculosis\/","title":{"rendered":"\u03a4uberculosis"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"4146\" class=\"elementor elementor-4146 elementor-2888\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-564c54f e-con-boxed e-flex e-con\" data-id=\"564c54f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f685b29 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f685b29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.13.3 - 22-05-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"945\" height=\"499\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/pneumon-center-fimatiosi.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-3903\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/pneumon-center-fimatiosi.jpg 945w, https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/pneumon-center-fimatiosi-300x158.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/pneumon-center-fimatiosi-768x406.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 945px) 100vw, 945px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1177f4fa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1177f4fa\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4041c07a\" data-id=\"4041c07a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e01fb1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e01fb1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.13.3 - 22-05-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<h2>\u03a4uberculosis<\/h2><h5>\u00a0<\/h5><h5>Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, that most commonly affects the respiratory system, but disease can also manifest in other organs, called extrapulmonary Tuberculosis.<\/h5><p>Globally, Tuberculosis is considered among the 10 major causes of death and first cause of death among HIV\/AIDS patients<sup>1<\/sup>.\u00a0The economical and disease burden of the current pandemic is expected to reverse the progress made in TB prevention, by aggravating the poverty and malnutrition in the developing world<sup>1<\/sup>.<\/p><p>Inhalation of infected aerosol droplets, usually exhaled by a patient, is the route of disease transmission. This first contact may lead either to immediate elimination by the host defenses, either to the gradual onset of pulmonary disease, or to a latent infection that bears the potential to be activated at any time in the future<sup>1<\/sup>.<\/p><h4>Epidemiology:<\/h4><p>25% of the global population is estimated to be infected, mostly in the developing countries<sup>1<\/sup>.<\/p><p>In Greece, the prevalence among citizens of Greek nationality is declining, however there is an increasing prevalence of cases observed among other nationalities, mainly refugees and immigrants<sup>2<\/sup>.<\/p><h4>Symptoms<sup>3<\/sup>:<\/h4><p>Persistent cough, weight loss, fever, night sweats, lymphadenopathy.<\/p><h4>Diagnosis<sup>3<\/sup>:<\/h4><ul><li>Imaging tests (Radiography, CT scan)<\/li><li>Tuberculin skin testing<\/li><li>Interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA)<\/li><li>Culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage and pleural fluid<\/li><li>Pleural or lung biopsy<\/li><li>Sputum acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear<\/li><li>Nucleic acid amplification (NAA) testing<\/li><\/ul><h4>Treatment<sup>3<\/sup>:<\/h4><p>Active pulmonary disease is treated for 6 months, starting with a four-drug regimen for the first 2 months and continuing with two drugs for the remaining 4 months. During treatment patients are monitored for possible side effects and for their adherence to treatment as interruptions may lead to treatment failure and \/or drug resistance. A special disease entity among types of drug resistant TB is the multidrug resistant TB representing a major and public health threat.<\/p><h4>Prevention:<\/h4><p>The bacille Calmette\u2013Gue\u0301rin (BCG) vaccine, offers partial protection, especially from severe forms of TB in children<sup>3<\/sup>.<\/p><p>Research for the development of a more successful vaccine, effective across all age groups, is ongoing, and some promising candidates are used in the course of clinical trials.<sup>4<\/sup><\/p><p><strong>ANNA S. TZORTZI<\/strong> MD, FCCP<br \/>PNEUMONOLOGIST<\/p><hr \/><p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><ol><li><span style=\"color: #56c5d0;\"><a style=\"color: #56c5d0;\" href=\"https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/337538\/9789240016095-eng.pdf\"><em>https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/337538\/9789240016095-eng.pdf<\/em><\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #56c5d0;\"><em><a style=\"color: #56c5d0;\" href=\"https:\/\/eody.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/tuberculosis2004_2010.pdf\">https:\/\/eody.gov.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/tuberculosis2004_2010.pdf<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #56c5d0;\"><em><a style=\"color: #56c5d0;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/table-of-contents\/infectious-diseases\/tuberculosis\">https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/table-of-contents\/infectious-diseases\/tuberculosis<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #56c5d0;\"><em><a style=\"color: #56c5d0;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-tuberculosis-programme\/vaccines\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-tuberculosis-programme\/vaccines<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u03a4uberculosis Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, that most commonly affects the respiratory system, but disease can also manifest in other organs, called extrapulmonary Tuberculosis. Globally, Tuberculosis is considered among the 10 major causes of death and first cause of death among HIV\/AIDS patients1.\u00a0The economical and disease burden of the<a class=\"read-btn hvr-right more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/en\/%cf%84uberculosis\/\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3903,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[72],"tags":[75,73,74],"class_list":["post-4146","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","tag--en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u03a4uberculosis - PNEUMON CENTER<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/en\/%cf%84uberculosis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u03a4uberculosis\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/en\/%cf%84uberculosis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"PNEUMON CENTER\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-05-22T12:30:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-10-17T12:13:09+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/pneumon-center-fimatiosi.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"\u03a4uberculosis\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/pneumon-center-fimatiosi.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/en\/%cf%84uberculosis\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/en\/%cf%84uberculosis\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/715d86c55548e5e678c6238f69ec2e92\"},\"headline\":\"\u03a4uberculosis\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-05-22T12:30:04+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-10-17T12:13:09+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/en\/%cf%84uberculosis\/\"},\"wordCount\":383,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/en\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/en\/%cf%84uberculosis\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/pneumon-center-fimatiosi.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"\u03bb\u03bf\u03af\u03bc\u03c9\u03be\u03b7\",\"\u03a0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\",\"\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u0301\u03ba\u03bf\u03ba\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2\"],\"articleSection\":[\"ARTICLES\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/en\/%cf%84uberculosis\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/en\/%cf%84uberculosis\/\",\"name\":\"\u03a4uberculosis - 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