{"id":4159,"date":"2023-05-22T18:00:16","date_gmt":"2023-05-22T15:00:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd\/"},"modified":"2025-10-17T15:11:39","modified_gmt":"2025-10-17T12:11:39","slug":"chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/en\/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd\/","title":{"rendered":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"4159\" class=\"elementor elementor-4159 elementor-2898\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-564c54f e-con-boxed e-flex e-con\" data-id=\"564c54f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;content_width&quot;:&quot;boxed&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f685b29 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f685b29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.13.3 - 22-05-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"945\" height=\"499\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/pneumon-center-hap.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-3904\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/pneumon-center-hap.jpg 945w, https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/pneumon-center-hap-300x158.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/pneumon-center-hap-768x406.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 945px) 100vw, 945px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1177f4fa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1177f4fa\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4041c07a\" data-id=\"4041c07a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e01fb1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e01fb1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.13.3 - 22-05-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)<\/strong><\/h2><h4>\u00a0<\/h4><h4>What is COPD?<\/h4><p>According to the <strong>G<\/strong>lobal Initiative for Chronic <strong>O<\/strong>bstructive <strong>L<\/strong>ung <strong>D<\/strong>isease (GOLD) global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2024 report<sup>3<\/sup>,\u00a0Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is defined as\u00a0<em>\u201ca heterogeneous lung condition characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms (dyspnea, cough, sputum production and\/or exacerbations) due to abnormalities of the airways (bronchitis, bronchiolitis) and\/or alveoli (emphysema) that cause persistent, often progressive, airflow obstruction.\u201d<\/em><\/p><p><strong>COPD is a common, preventable and treatable disease, the result of long-term exposure and inhalation of harmful substances.<\/strong><\/p><h4>Globally<sup>1<\/sup>,<\/h4><ul><li>Currently there are 300 million individuals suffering from COPD<\/li><li>COPD is the 3<sup>rd<\/sup> leading cause of mortality<\/li><\/ul><h4>Risk Factors<\/h4><h5><strong>Tobacco Smoke<\/strong><\/h5><ul><li><strong>90% of cases of COPD are caused by smoking.<\/strong> Tobacco smoke contains irritative, toxic and carcinogenic substances. Non-smokers who are passively exposed to tobacco smoke also have an increased risk for developing COPD.<\/li><li>Water-pipe, cigars, pipes, roll your own cigarettes and marijuana are also risk factors<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Factors during gestation period and childhood<br \/><\/strong>In childhood<strong>,<\/strong> important risk factors for developing COPD later in life are:<\/p><ul><li>Exposure to maternal smoking in utero or in childhood<\/li><li>Frequent respiratory infections<\/li><li>Asthma and bronchial hyper-reactivity<\/li><\/ul><h5><strong>Environmental Factors<\/strong><\/h5><ul><li><strong>Pollution:<\/strong> harmful substances in the air and indoor air contribute to the onset, exacerbation and worsening of the disease.<\/li><li><strong>Occupational exposure<\/strong> to harmful substances for example working in mining, agriculture or food processing.<\/li><\/ul><h5><strong>Genetic Factors<\/strong><\/h5><ul><li>Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency (AATD), a hereditary condition, represents a genetic risk factor for COPD Symptoms<\/li><\/ul><h4>Symptoms<\/h4><p>Manifestations of COPD are subtle and gradual worsens over time. In the early stages, it is characterized by a persistent cough (sometimes referred to as \u2018smokers cough\u2019) with or without production of phlegm. In addition, other common symptoms are:<\/p><ul><li>Chronic cough<\/li><li>Excess phlegm production especially during exacerbations most commonly caused by respiratory infections<\/li><li>Wheeze (whistling sound) when breathing normally<\/li><li>Difficulty taking a deep breath<\/li><li>Shortness of breath, initially upon exertion which worsens over time when doing even minimal tasks or at rest.<\/li><li>Shortness of breath, initially upon exertion which worsens over time when doing even minimal tasks or at rest.<\/li><\/ul><p>Exacerbations of COPD are episodes of increased severity of symptoms, most commonly triggered by respiratory infections such as the seasonal flu. Exacerbations accelerate the decline in lung function and worsen the condition.<br \/>Individuals with COPD are considered a vulnerable population, at high risk for complications and death from influenza infection, pneumonia, surgery etc.<\/p><h5><em>COPD &amp; COVID-19 pandemic: <\/em><\/h5><p><em>COPD<\/em> <em> is<\/em> as<em>so<\/em><em>ciate<\/em>d <em> w<\/em><em>ith an<\/em> i<em>ncrea<\/em>sed risk for more severe COVID-19 manifestations and poor outcome, although it is not considered a risk factor for acquiring COVID-19 <em>more easily than the general population (Simons et al. Caring for patients with COPD and COVID-19: a viewpoint to spark discussion. Thorax.<\/em><em>. <\/em><em>December<\/em><em> 2020 <\/em><em>Vol<\/em><em> 75 <\/em><em>No 12).<\/em><\/p><h4>Diagnosis<\/h4><ul><li>Medical and smoking history and physical examination<\/li><li>Spirometry testing: a non-invasive test widely used to identify and measure the characteristic air flow limitation of the disease. Therefore, spirometry is used in routine clinical practice for:<\/li><li>Diagnosing COPD<\/li><li>Staging disease severity<\/li><li>Pre-operative evaluation<\/li><li>Monitoring exacerbations<\/li><li>Evaluating response to treatment<\/li><\/ul><h4>Treatment<\/h4><p>COPD requires close monitoring by a pulmonologist who will evaluate your symptoms, complaints and Spirometry, will determine disease severity,\u00a0as well as identify possible comorbidities, in order to provide the best treatment options for you. This includes quitting smoking and one or more of the following treatments:<\/p><ul><li>Medications such as inhaled bronchodilators and corticosteroids<\/li><li>Antibiotics<\/li><li>Oxygen therapy<\/li><li>Physiotherapy and respiratory rehabilitation therapies for<\/li><li>sputum elimination and increasing exercise tolerance<\/li><li>Proper management of comorbidities<\/li><li>Addressing depression and social isolation<\/li><\/ul><h4>Prevention<\/h4><ul><li>The most effective measure to prevent COPD is to never smoke, while it is strongly recommended for smokers to quit.<\/li><li>Avoiding passive exposure to second-hand smoke especially during pregnancy\/gestation, childhood and adolescence since it damages the lungs that are still under development.<\/li><li>Smokers are at high risk for COPD while many smokers in Greece are unaware that they have COPD. Therefore, smokers, especially those with \u201csmoker\u2019s cough\u201d, warrant a spirometry test and a visit to their pulmonologist for early prevention<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Secondary prevention (among those who have COPD) aims at reducing the frequency and severity of exacerbations by:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Quitting smoking of cigarettes, roll-your own cigarettes, water-pipe, pipe, cigars and marijuana<\/li><li>Getting the seasonal Flu vaccine and Pneumococcal vaccine<\/li><li>Avoiding second-hand smoke \u2022 Avoiding exposure to other toxicants at work or at home<\/li><\/ul><p>The Chest Foundation has published a facts sheet presenting common myths for COPD<sup>2<\/sup><\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-4165\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/COPD-232x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"232\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/COPD-232x300.jpg 232w, https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/COPD.jpg 428w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 232px) 100vw, 232px\" \/><\/p><p><strong>ANNA S. TZORTZI<\/strong> MD, FCCP<br \/>PNEUMONOLOGIST<\/p><hr \/><p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><p>1. Forum of International Respiratory Societies <span style=\"color: #56c5d0;\"><a style=\"color: #56c5d0;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.firsnet.org\/news-and-events\/news-article\/154-world-copd-day-2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.firsnet.org\/news-and-events\/news-article\/154-world-copd-day-2020<\/a><\/span><\/p><p>2. CHEST Foundation\u00a0 <span style=\"color: #56c5d0;\"><a style=\"color: #56c5d0;\" href=\"https:\/\/foundation.chestnet.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/COPD-Mythbuster.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/foundation.chestnet.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/COPD-Mythbuster.pdf<\/a><\/span><\/p><p>3. GLOBAL INITIATIVE FOR CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE GLOBAL STRATEGY FOR THE DIAGNOSIS, MANAGEMENT, AND PREVENTION OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (2024 REPORT) <span style=\"color: #56c5d0;\"><a style=\"color: #56c5d0;\" href=\"GOLD%202024%20REPORT\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/goldcopd.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) What is COPD? According to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2024 report3,\u00a0Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is defined as\u00a0\u201ca heterogeneous lung condition characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms (dyspnea, cough, sputum production and\/or exacerbations)<a class=\"read-btn hvr-right more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pneumoncenter.com\/en\/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd\/\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3904,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[72],"tags":[75,73,74],"class_list":["post-4159","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","tag--en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) - 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